bdd electrode
bdd electrode

BDD Electrode Plate

Boromond supplies boron doped diamond BDD electrode which is a new generation of catalyst electrode material with unmatched electrochemical properties such as wider potential window, lower bacground current, enhanced resistance to corrosion and less chance of fouling than conventional electrodes. Check our optimal BDD electrode size chart for the next gen electrode available at different sizes, substrates and shapes.

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Introducing BDD Electrode

In this content, we mainly introduce BDD electrode, synthesis/fabrication processes, major properties, characteristics and specifications, advantages, and typical applications of this excellent electrode material, followed by electrochemical oxidation wastewater treatment solutions and further development.

BDD electrode exhibits significantly stability in both aqueous and non-aqueous solutions, it’s highly resistant to chemical and corrosions, which means there will be way less chance of fouling compared to conventional electrode materials, mechanical stability ensure its reliability in consistent operation in harsh environments for diverse applications. 

With unique electrochemical properties such as wide potential window, low background current, and stability we mentioned above, and unparalleled electrochemical capability to generate reactive oxidizing agents with strong oxidation power.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              These oxidizing agents take the electrochemical oxidation efficiency to another level. These properties make it an electrode material for different types of applications, especially implements with electrochemical oxidation wastewater treatment.

BDD Electrode Specification And Characteristics

Substrate: Monocrystalline Silicon or Polycrystalline Silicon                                                                                                                                                                  Electrode Shape: rectangle,square, mesh, disc, custom                                                                                                                                                                          External Size: Custom, specific up to 500*300 mm                                                                                                                                                                                    Thickness Tolerance: ±0.05mm                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Film Thickness: 10-20 um                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Grain Size:< 2um                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Film Structure: Micro Crystalline                                                                                                                                                                                                            Edges handling: Laser Cut

Electrochemical Properties

Boron-doped diamond electrodes have excellent electrochemical properties such as wider potential windows than conventional electrode materials, and comparatively lower background currents than those electrode materials, high chemical stability and resistance to corrosions even if immersed in different electrolytes for a long time, meanwhile these electrodes have less chance of fouling even if working in harsh environments for a long time, these unique electrochemical properties make them ideal for a wide range of applications. 

Our materials & catalysts fabrication department synthesis and optimize boron doped diamond electrodes with unique electrochemical properits for different applications by precise controlling major factors such as boron concentration which directly impact the conductivity, and electrochemical performance, followed by potential window and surface morphology, while SP3/SP2 carbon ratios affect potential window, background current, electrocatalytic activity, and surface termnations influences the kinetic electron transfer and overall electrochemical performances of boron doped diamond electrodes.

Boron concentration (typical): 5000-6000 ppm                                                  Bulk resistivity(Rv): 10-1000mΩ·cm                                                                      Solvent window: >2.7V                                                                                            Oxygen evolution potential(V): ≦2.75                                                                Hydrogen evolution potential(V): ≧-1.2                                                                Measured Potential Window (V): ≦3.85                                                                                                                                                                                                    Read more about parameters contribute to the function of boron-doped diamond electrodes: fundamentals for electrochemical applications from source: ACS Publications

Mechanical Characteristics of BDD Electrode

mechanical properties of boron doped diamond bdd electrode

Nucleation side fracture stress: 500  MPa                                                                                                                                                                                              Growth side fracture stress: 500 MPa                                                                                                                                                                                                      Young’s modulus: 450 Gpa                                                                                                                                                                                                                Roughness(Ra): 10 nm                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Thermal conductivity: 800 W/m/K

*Check the Structure of BDD electrode from the image within left section. (a) Digital photographs, (b) Raman spectra, (c,d) SEM images at two magnifications, credit/source of image: MDPI

Notes About BDD Electrode for Electrochemical Application

Known for its conductive nature and remarkable electrochemical properties, Boron-doped diamond electrode has much larger potential window means there will be no significant undesired side reactions happen on the surface of boron doped diamond electrode once electrical potential applied, lower background current expedites electron transfer rate, enhances sensitivity, and improve detection reliability. 

BDD electrode redefines performance and application ranges of electrode materials. Applications of this electrode material ranges from wastewater treatment to water disinfection, electrochemical analysis, electrochemical surface modification, electrochemical detection.

Amongst a vast range of applications, wastewater treatment is the most promising one as these electrode materials are implemented to: 

Treat various types of bio-refractory waste streams, and complex industrial effluents for a long time, 

Thanks to the high oxygen evolution potential, low background current, and robust nature.

Water disinfection is a critical application as it can expedited electrochemical ozone production through water electrolysis.

Ozone is one of the most powerful oxidizing agents, disinfection could be done in an eco-friendly manner as there will be no addition of chemicals, and no harmful chemical left. 

electrochemical oxidation efficiency bdd electrode

BDD Electrodes for Electrochemical Oxidation Treatment of Wastewater

BDD electrodes, especially when act as anodes, they generate huge amount of powerful oxidizing agents, for instance hydroxyl radicals, can remove a wide range of organic compounds.

Check the list of major organic pollutants we degrades and mineralized from trial scale treatability testing to pilot scale testing:                                                              Long chain and short chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS);                                                                                                                                            Alcohols, total organic carbon(TOC), aldehydes, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN);                                                                                                                                Aromatics, total nitrogen, heavy metal ions, amines, active pharmaceutical intermediates(APIs)                                                                                                          Chemical oxygen demand (COD), BTEX, phenols, pesticides, coloration, dioxins, PCBs, synthetic dyes;                                                                                                    Micropollutants and etc, from waste streams.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          These reclatriant organic pollutants are presistant to conventional biological and regular advanced oxidation processes (AOPs).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Explore how BDD electrode work as the core component and unparalleled catalyst material in electrochemical oxidation treatment of complex wastewater, especially waste streams with high concentration level of organic pollutants.

Direct & Indirect Oxidation of Organic Compounds via BDD Electrode

Within the direct oxidation processes, organic pollutants are directly oxidized at the anode surface through electron transfer, losing electrons directly to the anodes lead to direct oxidation and mineralization into carbon dioxide and water.
                                                                                                                                The efficiency of direct oxidation of different anode materials are variant, non-active anode like BDD electrode with electrocatalytic capability, high oxygen evolution potentials are proven to be much more efficient when facilitating direct electron transfer.

Indirect oxidation processes with boron doped diamond electrodes are mainly about electrogeneration of reactive oxidizing agents/oxidants within the electrolytes, optimal Anode materials can be designed to enhance the generation of specific reactive species such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), hypochlorite ions (OCl-), hydrogen peroxides, ozone and etc.                                                                                                                                                        Mediated electrochemical incineration of recaltriant organic pollutants will then realized via bulk electrogeneration of these oxidants which are highly reactive and can oxidize various of organic compounds by attacking and oxidizing organic pollutants in the wastewater.  These recalcitrant organic comounds are oxidized into intermediates with smaller molecules and less complex structures, less harmful, with optimal operation parameters, these pollutants could be completely mineralized, and converted to inorganic compounds, carbon dioxide and water. 

Herbicides and insecticides, such as chlorsulfuron, come mainly from pesticide manufacturers
Herbicides and insecticides, such as chlorsulfuron, come mainly from pesticide manufacturers
Phenols and their derivatives, such as phenol, mainly come from petrochemical enterprises
Phenols and their derivatives, including phenol itself, primarily originate from petrochemical enterprises.
Surfactants, such as wash water, etc
Pharmaceutical intermediates, such as 17β-estradiol, are mainly from pharmaceutical and chemical enterprises
electrochemical oxidation treatment of industrial wastewater via boron doped diamond bdd electrode
electrochemical oxidation wastewater treatment mechanism via boron doped diamond bdd electrode electrolysis

FAQ About BDD Electrode

What is BDD electrode?

BDD electrode or boron-doped diamond electrode, is a kind of electrode catalyst material, coating with a silicon or niobium substrate, with a thin layer made of diamond and doping with boron, those substrates provide the needed mechanical strength and electrical conductivity, while the boron doped diamond BDD coating optimal electrochemical properties and alter the conductivity, to enhance electrocatalytic activity and also corrosion resistance making it an non-active catalyst material for different applications.

Why are BDD electrodes used instead of other materials like graphite or platinum,Or mmo?

BDD electrode has some advantages over other electrode materials, as boron doped diamond BDD electrode has wider potential window, comparatively lower background current, and high chemical and mechanical stability, biocompatible, and unmatched electrochemical oxidation ability.                                                                                                                    These unique properties enable boron doped diamond electrode to more sensitive and reliable in electrochemical analysis, water and wastewater treatment, especially in harsh environments like corrosive or high-temperature, highly toxic, high sanility conditions, and what is more, bdd electrodes are ready to be customized to different forms to be functionable for different implements.

 

What are the typical components of a BDD electrode?

A BDD electrode generally consists of two main parts:

Substrate: Usually made of commercially available silicon or niobium, substrates provide the needed mechanical strength, support, and electrical conductivity, these are crticial for electrode materials. The choice of substrate, silicon or niobium, will impact the final electrochemical/mechanical properties of the boron doped diamond electrodes, for instance, electrochemical behavior and stability. Silicon or niobium substrates were selected after multiple testing as it’s critical to consider about the actual conductivities of the electrode material after synthesis, therefore we need to choose among different metal or metal-like materials, and then after several experiments with different substrates
                                                                                                BDD Coating: It’s a thin layer of boron doped diamond, we doping diamond coatings with boron via chemical vapor depositions, to impact electrical conductivity, electorchemical performances, micro structures, and etc. Thickness of BDD coating may differ when it comes to specific application.

How is the BDD coating applied to the substrates?

The doping processes requires a specific technology called, chemical vapor deposition, aka CVD. 

The chemical vapor deposition process involves growing a thin BDD film onto the substrates at high temperatures.

Clean and then girinding, proper surface treatment to prepare the substaces to ensure good adhesion of the BDD layer. 

Introducing microwave-generated plasmas, a pre-heated mixed gas of methane as the caron source, trimethyl borate as boron source, and hydrogen into a CVD reactor. These plasmas- activated gases react, carbon atoms from the methane deposit onto the surface of the substrates, ended up forming diamond crystal structure. The boron atoms from the trimethyl borate will be incorporated into the diamond lattice, generating a boron-doped diamond (BDD) coating, followed by nucleation stage with higher methane concentration to promote diamond nucleation, and then a lower methane concentration to improve the quality of the BDD film.

What are some common applications for BDD electrodes?

Boron-doped diamond BDD electrodes are highly versatile and widely used in various implements, especially in the fields of wastewater treatment via degrading and eventually removing persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and other hazardous compounds from water through electrochemical oxidation.                                                                                                              BDD electrodes can be adopted for electrochemical synthesis  It can be employed for the electrogeneration of ozone for water sanitizations, an alternative way to conventional cholride sanitizations.

What types of wastewater can be treated by BDD electrodes?

BDD electrodes can be adopted to treat a wide range of wastewater,  those are considered complex, organic wastewater with high concentration of organic compounds, high COD, and industrial effluents and waste streams with organic contaminants refractory to conventional treatment methods, mainly through direct oxidation with the boron doped diamond BDD anode surfaces, and electrochemical incineration processes realized by oxidizing and mineralizing recaltriant organic compounds such as persistent organic pollutants(POPs), active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and other refractory pollutants via reactive oxidants, mainlyt hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxides, Ozone and etc, via electrochemical oxidation wastewater treatment processes.                                                                                             

How to clean bdd electrodes?

Simple flushing with water;                                                        Immerse the electrode piece in an acid not higher than 1mol/L for descaling;                                                                              If the cathode scales, current density could be adjusted to 5-10mA/cm2, reverse polarity for a short time, and conduct multiple cleaning;                                                                      It can be brushed with soft brush;                                              Low-frequency ultrasonic cleaning;                                    Select the cleaning method according to the scaling degree.

Stay tune to explore more about BDD ELECTRODES

We will share more information about boron doped diamond BDD electrodes, within this page and relevant content all over this website, feel free to initialize communication with our product experts to discuss details relevant to catalyst electrode material selections and optimizations, treatability testing and validations, and then electrochemical cells/reactor design and development, development and validation of electrochemical oxidation wastewater treatment products for on-site treatment of complex wastewater at bench scale, up to pilot scale implements.

Contact Us If You Have Further Questions Or Doubts About BDD Electrode

What is more, if you are interested in investigating electrochemical oxidation treatment of wastewater utilizing BDD electrode for your specific wastewater treatment applications, especially those complex organic wastewater, share us your water profiles including COD, BOD, coloration, TOC, TN, and etc, to get a free wastewater analysis, we will offer all the information you need before investing in electrochemical oxidation wastewater treatment products, not just fundamental catalyst electrode materials.

Explore Our BDD Electrode Solutions

BDD Electrode Customization & Fabrication

Custom your own boron-doped diamond electrode to fit your specific experimental and application needs, BDD anode fabrication services are open 24/7.

Electrochemical Cell Design & Prototyping

Design your own electrochemical cells/reactors for different research and validation purposes with optimal boron doped diamond electrode, diferent sizes, shapes and coating conditions are available as we speak.

Water Profile Analysis

Get free water profile analysis prior to final product and solution recommendation toward boron doped diamond electrode and electrochemical oxidation wastewater treatment.

Wastewater Treatment Products

Electro oxidation wastewater treatment products ready to added seamlessly into already operation wastewater treatment plant.

Electrochemical Oxidation Solution

We are always already to offer premium electrochemical oxidation wastewater products, solutions, services, and support to tackle the challenges with your complex wastewater, all initials start with our boron doped diamond electrode solutions.

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